'Fragrant smoke is sacred unto the gods'

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The Yoga of Incense


‘Smells possess the power to command, they reveal infinity and the future and give us hope...’

When most people think of yoga they imagine a dark room with burning incense, chimes ringing and a little chanting, while waif-like youngsters manoeuvre into impossible positions.
But while this isn't a true picture of your average yoga class, incense is a very important tool which helps meditative awareness, promotes energy and concentration. It creates a favourable atmosphere which calms the mind and makes it suitable for enjoying the meditative and exercise experience.

One of the reasons incense is used is that it purifies the air, some think it actually discharges airborne ions and has an extraordinary soothing effect on the mind. There is nothing better to cleanse a space than incense. It can neutralise the smell of fear, grief, arguments, disappointment, tiredness, loneliness and longing. Space and the objects in it can be cleaned and healed.

Just like a candle brightens up a darkened room, the aromatic effect of incense conveys tranquillity to the senses. While a candle creates a positive visual impact, certain fragrances impart positive impulses to the brain. More importantly these positive impulses, over time, become a natural response to that particular incense. The mind becomes accustomed to respond in a particular way when that incense is used. It is now commonly accepted that aromas have their own vibrations creating their own effects. The smell from incense is absorbed by the nose’s mucous membranes and moves directly to the centre of our brain where it influences our emotions, hormones, our nervous system and our perceptions. Incense has several medicinal effects too. Many earlier civilisations used incense as a herbal medicine for treating health disorders. And it is this that forms the basis of aromatherapy. Certain incense ingredients are used as medicines all over the world. In Ayurvedic medicine for instance, myrrh which comes from a gnarled stumpy tree which flourishes in dry rocky locations, is thought to increase pitta or energy and is used as a tonic and for stomach complaints. Similarly calmus, the root of flag, is added directly onto charcoal to overcome the side effects of some prescribed medicines and because it is considered a strengthening smell.
   
Incense can conjure a raw power that can be used to formulate and effect desire; it gives smell substance. In the same way that perfume seduces the sexes, incense seduces the spirits. The word perfume - perfumare - literally means ‘through smoke’. Incenses can become the signature of an action.  And if that action of exercise is to be repeated, then lighting the same, effective incense propels you a good way along the road to success before you start. Very practical, very effective.

Montaigne* said of incense that it had the power ‘to comfort, to quicken, to rouse and to purify our senses so that we might go apter and readier into contemplation.’

Today, the reasons for incense use are just as varied. During yoga exercises it will heighten  consciousness and help direct personal energy. It helps create the appropriate mental state necessary for successful yoga practice.

The smoke is used to help make the spirit manifest.  For example cinnamon, lemon and sage are considered stimulating and work by increasing the beta waves in your brain which is associated with a more alert state of mind.  On the other hand perfumes such as lavender, marjoram and sandalwood promote a more relaxed state by encouraging ‘connection’. The most common grain or resin incenses you are likely to use are frankincense, myrrh, pinon, copal and sandalwood.

Major Chakra Centre Incense Correspondences: 

CHAKRA INCENSE
Red, base centre  dragon’s blood, cedarwood, red thyme
Orange, sacral centre sandalwood, cinnamon, ginger, neroli
Citrine, solar plexus centre elemi, lemongrass, bergamot
Green, heart chakra centre jasmine, myrrh, rose
Blue, throat centre lotus, chamomile,
Indigo, brow, third eye centre frankincense, heliotrope
Violet, crown centre lavender, violet

Another, elemi, is regarded as the primary incense to be used in hatha yoga practise. It grows in the tropical regions of Asia and produces a resinous, lemony, woody fragrance with hints of aniseed and sweet grass. It combines well with mastic and lemon grass, has energising properties and relieves tension. 

As another example, you may choose to accompany Salute to The Sun with a simple sunny incense such as frankincense or choose Helios or Roman Sun from the list below. Then as the practise goes on, or is repeated, lighting your incense will get your brain and your body into the right gear.

To Make Your Own Incense Blends
Lighting and even making your own incense couldn’t be simpler. Just make sure you buy good quality charcoal disks. Hold one over a constant flame until it takes.  A candle is easier than a match and holding the disk with tongs avoids burnt fingers. Lay it on a fireproof surface, such an attractive bowl filled with sand.  Then just sprinkle on some grain incense such as frankincense or use one of the recipe mixtures below.  Fan the smoke to fill your space and
enjoy.

Roman Sun
1 part* sunflower petals
1/2 part safflower essence
1 part  frankincense
1 part cinnamon
1/2 part cloves
1/2 part myrrh
few drops bergamot oil
Blend together.
* Any measure can be used, depending on how much of the blend you want, it is only important to keep the proportions right.  I use an ordinary kitchen measuring or table spoon.

Helios
1 part frankincense
1 1/4 parts St Johns Wort leaves
1/2 part marigold petals
1/2 part orange peel
few drops heliotrope oil

Joss
Throughout, for the purposes of this article, ‘incense’ means the resin and grains that are burnt on charcoal, not sticks.  However for those who prefer to use joss (literally sacred luck sticks): there are hundreds of fragrances with which incense sticks are made, and these days much advice on which fragrance should be used for what purpose. It is often recommended that lavender and jasmine fragrant incenses are the best tools for calming the mind and providing relief from stress.

To discover the best fragrance for you, try and sample a variety of incenses. Burn each of these for the length of their duration, which is about 7-10 minutes. This would be more than sufficient to get a complete feel of the fragrance. Just sit back and ‘watch’ your feelings - fragrances can have very varied responses. The fragrance that is right for you should
elevate your mood.

Hand rolled incense sticks made by the ancient art of incense making should be completely non toxic.  The fragrances can be blended from flowers, barks, leaves, roots and herbs.

What to avoid
The sticks should not be perfumed with toxic substances.  The incense should not be made using cheap sticks which can cause throat and nasal irritation as well as headaches.

Tree Exercise
Like tai chi, yoga done out of doors is spirit lifting. Try this exercise: it’s called Tree Pooja - a ritual originating in India and these days done by many people. It is a daily offering to certain plants, such as the sacred Tulsi plant, which is used to heal many illnesses.  Choose a tree and visit it daily for a few minutes. Light some incense (pinon or copal would be appropriate or see above), adopt your most comfortable starting pose and either just meditate by the tree, or as some people do, hug it, thank it, or simply sit under it taking in some quiet time and doing some breathing exercises. Find your own way to be with the tree and slowly let awareness grows with the particular tree so you sense a subtler, deeper energy in nature. This type of ritual can gradually help us so we are able to stabilise the more subtle ways of communicating with ourselves and all other creatures.


The fusion of smoke with your spirit is hallowed and should be treated as such.

This article is taken from the authors forthcoming book on incense. Incense is a daily part of her life and she can be contacted at www.peacockangel.com
email artiosplace@aol,com

*Michael de Montaigne of Perigord (1533-1592), natural theologian

Pictures courtesy of http://www.siamese-dream.com/page/siam1/PROD/Greeting-Cards/yoga-greeting-cards and www.magicmoonyoga.com